Method & transparency

Sources & methodology

Observium aggregates signals, alerts, and surveillance updates on more than fifty infectious diseases, prioritising official health authorities. Where available, it integrates national bulletins, scientific literature, and trusted news, while distinguishing between confirmed cases, monitoring activity, health responses, and journalistic mentions.

Core principle

Observium is not a medical diagnosis or an official bulletin. Its purpose is to make public information from health institutions, epidemiological reports, and authoritative journalism more accessible and consultable in a single map view.

Important The presence of a country on the map does not automatically mean confirmed local cases. A country may appear because of active surveillance, repatriation, medical evacuation, contact tracing, screening, or because a news source mentioned it in relation to an international event.

Official global sources

WHO DON
Global · OData API
World Health Organization Disease Outbreak News. Authoritative international alerts and risk assessments.
CDC NNDSS
United States · Socrata API
US National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. State-level weekly counts for reportable conditions.
ECDC
Europe · HTML feed
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Threat assessments and outbreak updates for the EU/EEA.
Europe PMC
Literature · JSON API
Peer-reviewed scientific literature: latest preprints and journal articles indexed by pathogen.
Wikipedia REST
Reference · REST API
Clinical summary, transmission, endemic regions and case-fatality ranges per pathogen.
Google News
News · RSS
Headlines and reporting from international news agencies, filtered by disease keywords and geocoded.

National health institutions

Observium scrapes national-level bulletins, press releases, and dedicated disease pages from health authorities across Europe, Africa, and the Americas. These complement the global feeds with country-specific context (active surveillance, contact tracing, suspected vs. confirmed cases) that often surfaces hours or days before WHO/CDC.

ISS Italia
Italy · per-disease HTML
Istituto Superiore di Sanità — Epicentro disease pages, aggregating MoH/WHO updates for Italian readers.
Ministero della Salute
Italy · press releases
Italian Ministry of Health communications and surveillance announcements.
UKHSA Blog
United Kingdom · Atom RSS
UK Health Security Agency blog: outbreak updates, technical briefings, and public health guidance.
GOV.UK / UKHSA
United Kingdom · Atom feed
Official UK government announcements tagged to UKHSA — policy updates, statistical releases, statements.
RIVM
Netherlands · HTML
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment — Dutch surveillance and outbreak reporting.
Santé publique France
France · HTML
French national public health agency: press releases and bulletins.
RKI
Germany · HTML (best-effort)
Robert Koch Institute — German federal epidemiology agency, weekly bulletins and press communications.
BAG
Switzerland · HTML (best-effort)
Federal Office of Public Health — Swiss communicable disease alerts and statistics.
ISCIII
Spain · HTML (best-effort)
Instituto de Salud Carlos III — Spanish national epidemiology and surveillance authority.
NICD
South Africa · HTML (best-effort)
National Institute for Communicable Diseases — South African outbreak communications.

Source hierarchy

When multiple sources cover the same event, Observium prioritises them in this order:

  1. Official health authorities — WHO, ECDC, CDC, PAHO, national ministries of health and notifiable-disease surveillance systems.
  2. Technical reports & epidemiological bulletins — risk assessments, disease outbreak news, surveillance updates from recognised institutions.
  3. Trusted news & wire agencies — used for operational context (evacuations, timelines, local updates), always distinguished from official bulletins.
  4. Aggregated signals — public databases, monitoring platforms and aggregators provide indicators, not autonomous medical confirmations.

How to read the map markers

Why some countries appear without local cases

On a signal-driven map, a country may appear for several reasons. For example, it may be cited because it has activated public-health controls, received an evacuated patient, repatriated nationals, participated in contact tracing, or because a news source mentioned it in relation to an international event.

To avoid confusion, Observium distinguishes between principal event, confirmed case, health response, monitoring, and news signal. This distinction is essential to prevent turning a journalistic mention into a public-health alarm.

Updates and limitations

Information can change rapidly. Some data may be reported first by media outlets and then confirmed or corrected by health authorities. Observium prioritises official sources when available and clearly marks content originating from news or aggregators.

Routes shown for events such as vessel-linked outbreaks are indicative, based on public AIS sources, and should not be interpreted as official GPS tracking.

Caveat

Observium is an informational and educational tool. It does not replace the advice of a physician, a health authority, or an official source. In case of symptoms, suspected exposure, or doubts, please contact a healthcare professional or the competent authorities.